dhariyamiina.sabhav'ii ańfio dham1no n'iima atthi, DhsTp.21; see aJso my aniele, "Schools of Buddhism in Eatly Ceyłon," in The Ceylon journ11/ of the142 THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE MIDDLE WAY Humanities, Peradeniya 1 (i970):78], a view that resembles the one presented by George Berkeley during modern times. Nagarjuna seems to be unwilling to accept such a solution. Considering the philosophical issues a phiłosopher like Berkeley had to face, one can understand Nagarjuna's unwillingoess to subscribe to such a view. Without ałłowing the experienced elements (dharma) to hang loose, Nagarjuna was interested in providing a causa! exp łanation. Therefore, following the Buddha's explanation of "dependent arising", Niigarjuna boldly asserts: "Nowhere is.there any effect without a cause," (see also XXIV.19, aprafityasamutpanno dhaN!Ull/ kaŚcin na vid!Jate). 3. RuPe11a tu vininnuktaf(l yadi sjiid rupa-kiirat/a?(i, akiiryaka'l(i...
"everything exists" (sarvam astt) in .the form of substance (svabhava). Nagarjuna is simply allowing that metaphysicał qucstion to be setded by the usc of ihe fourfołd proposicions tbat negate cach other. Indeed, this is not presented as the "teaching" or "message'' (śiisana) of the Buddba, as Inada seems to understand. Quite on the contraty, it is an "admonition'' or "advice" (anufiina) in regard to the manner in which spccułation about "everything'' can be resolved, nameły, by detnoristrating the inevitable self-contcadictions. In other words, he is stadng that the question regarding "everything" cannot be settłed by aoy form of 4iscussion, a view clearly expressed by the Budcłha in his famous "Discoutse on Everything;, (Sabba-sutt11, sec commentary on IX.3), which Nagarjuna was probabły, conversant with. 9. Apara.pratyay4'f!Z śanltJ'f!Z prapańcair aprapancita'f{I, nir...
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